Page 1 of 3 123 LastLast
Results 1 to 10 of 74

Thread: BackTrack 4 R1 Development release

Hybrid View

  1. 05-10-2010, 12:23 PM #1
    muts
    muts is offline
    Developer muts's Avatar
    Join Date
    Jan 2006
    Posts
    272

    Default BackTrack 4 R1 Development release

    BackTrack 4 R1 Development release

    The BackTrack Dev team have released an UNOFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT build of BT4 R1.
    We need help from the community to test hardware support, especially in the wireless driver arena.
    For more information about this release please check :

    BackTrack Information Security Distribution - R1 Dev Release | Leaders in Information Security Training

    This is the ONLY thread that BT4 R1 will be discussed. Posts about BT4 R1 anywhere else on the forums will be moved here or deleted.
    Last edited by muts; 05-10-2010 at 12:27 PM.
    The best information security training, period.
  2. 05-10-2010, 07:40 PM #2
    SWFu64
    SWFu64 is offline
    Junior Member SWFu64's Avatar
    Join Date
    Jan 2010
    Posts
    97

    Default Re: BackTrack 4 R1 Development release

    Dell DW1520 Wireless-N WLAN Half-Mini Card (Broadcom 943xx) is not working, nothing at all shows when running airmon-ng.
    "I do not know with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones."

    Albert Einstein
  3. 05-11-2010, 12:38 AM #3
    ronj-
    ronj- is offline
    Just burned his ISO
    Join Date
    Jan 2010
    Posts
    1

    Default Re: BackTrack 4 R1 Development release

    Hello,

    My Minitar MWGHUA no longer works (works flawlessly in BT3, didn't test BT4)

    Here is what I have:
    Code:
    root@bt:~# airmon-ng
Interface       Chipset         Driver
wlan0           ZyDAS 1211      zd1211rw - [phy0]

root@bt:~# airmon-ng start wlan0
Interface       Chipset         Driver
wlan0           ZyDAS 1211      zd1211rw - [phy0]SIOCSIFFLAGS: No such file or directory
                                (monitor mode enabled on mon0)

root@bt:~# airodump-ng mon0
ioctl(SIOCSIFFLAGS) failed: No such file or directory

root@bt:~#
    Tell me which logs you need, I'll be pleased to come back with them. I can also test BT4 if needed.
  4. 05-13-2010, 11:33 AM #4
    iceman_3233
    iceman_3233 is offline
    Member iceman_3233's Avatar
    Join Date
    Jan 2010
    Location
    Fort Washington
    Posts
    56

    Default Re: BackTrack 4 R1 Development release

    Having the same problem with my SMC w/ Zydas 1211 chipset. Worked well with BT4.
    The enemy is no longer ignorance - It is vigilance
  5. 05-15-2010, 09:14 PM #5
    muts
    muts is offline
    Developer muts's Avatar
    Join Date
    Jan 2006
    Posts
    272

    Default Re: BackTrack 4 R1 Development release

    Thanks for all the reports! Keep them coming, this is exactly what we need!
    The best information security training, period.
  6. 05-16-2010, 01:40 AM #6
    risingsun
    risingsun is offline
    Just burned his ISO
    Join Date
    Mar 2010
    Posts
    5

    Default Re: BackTrack 4 R1 Development release

    I have a dell mini 10v with a "Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g (rev 01) - wireless adapter"

    -Packet Injection works 100%
    -AirDrop works 100%

    but there's a few error comes out when bootin.. but it seems it doesnt affect the wireless adapter cuz i can use AirCrack suite Perfectly. but i will still post it below..

    root@bt:~# dmesg | grep -ni error
    728:b43-phy0 ERROR: Fatal DMA error: 0x00000400, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000
    729:b43-phy0 ERROR: This device does not support DMA on your system. Please use PIO instead.
    730:b43-phy0: Controller RESET (DMA error) .
  7. 05-16-2010, 11:32 PM #7
    Kenni
    Kenni is offline
    Just burned his ISO
    Join Date
    Mar 2009
    Posts
    4

    Default Re: BackTrack 4 R1 Development release

    I took the development release for a spin - VirtIO not working, so it's not possible to run BT in a KVM/VirtIO virtual environment

    Backtrack must be one of the only Linux distributions left, which doesn't support VirtIO out-of-the-box. Ubuntu/Fedora/CentOS/OpenSuse/ArchLinux/[lots of other distributions] all supports VirtIO out-of-the-box, to allow installation onto virtual VirtIO block devices, use of VirtIO NICs, etc.

    Essentially, these are the missing modules:
    • CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI=m (Virtualization -> PCI driver for virtio devices)
    • CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON=m (Virtualization -> Virtio balloon driver)
    • CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=m (Device Drivers -> Block -> Virtio block driver)
    • CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET=m (Device Drivers -> Network device support -> Virtio network driver)
    • CONFIG_VIRTIO=m (automatically selected)
    • CONFIG_VIRTIO_RING=m (automatically seleced)


    There is no disadvantage in enabling these modules, it will not conflict with Vmware or other modules.

    The modules should also be included in the initramfs to allow booting from VirtIO block devices.

    It would be highly appreciated if you could fix this, I'll be more than happy to help out with testing if you need a tester...
  8. 05-11-2010, 09:30 AM #8
    crweedon
    crweedon is offline
    Senior Member
    Join Date
    Feb 2010
    Posts
    146

    Default Re: BackTrack 4 R1 Development release

    dell xps m1330 with intel graphics; works great out of the box.
    wifi= intel 3945ABG: injection=yes
    monitor mode=yes
    internet with WEP and WPA1/2=yes

    bluetooth=BCM2046B1: working=yes

    ADDITIONAL USB WIFI DONGLES:
    nintendo usb wifi(rt25xx) injection=yes
    monitor mode=yes
    internet with WEP=yes
    WPA1/2=no(times out at obtaining IP and resets)

    Dlink DWL-G122 REV D1 working=no

    this is the Marvell chipset Dlink adapter, only revision D1 is marvell so A1-C1 should work
    open source = open minds, human knowledge belongs to the world
  9. 05-11-2010, 11:23 AM #9
    davehardy20
    davehardy20 is offline
    Just burned his ISO
    Join Date
    Jan 2010
    Posts
    20

    Default Re: BackTrack 4 R1 Development release

    Thinkpad W500

    root@bt:~# lspci
    00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Memory Controller Hub (rev 07)
    00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset PCI Express Graphics Port (rev 07)
    00:03.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset MEI Controller (rev 07)
    00:03.3 Serial controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset AMT SOL Redirection (rev 07)
    00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82567LM Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)
    00:1a.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 03)
    00:1a.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 (rev 03)
    00:1a.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #6 (rev 03)
    00:1a.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 (rev 03)
    00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 03)
    00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 03)
    00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 2 (rev 03)
    00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 4 (rev 03)
    00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 5 (rev 03)
    00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 03)
    00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 03)
    00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 03)
    00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 (rev 03)
    00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev 93)
    00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation ICH9M-E LPC Interface Controller (rev 03)
    00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation ICH9M/M-E SATA AHCI Controller (rev 03)
    00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) SMBus Controller (rev 03)
    01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc Mobility Radeon HD 3650
    03:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless WiFi Link 5300
    15:00.0 CardBus bridge: Ricoh Co Ltd RL5c476 II (rev ba)
    15:00.1 FireWire (IEEE 1394): Ricoh Co Ltd R5C832 IEEE 1394 Controller (rev 04)
    15:00.2 SD Host controller: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C822 SD/SDIO/MMC/MS/MSPro Host Adapter (rev 21)
    15:00.3 System peripheral: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C843 MMC Host Controller (rev 11)
    15:00.4 System peripheral: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C592 Memory Stick Bus Host Adapter (rev 11)
    15:00.5 System peripheral: Ricoh Co Ltd xD-Picture Card Controller (rev 11)

    03:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless WiFi Link 5300
    Monitor Mode OK Injection Works

    root@bt:~# lsusb
    Bus 008 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
    Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
    Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
    Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
    Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
    Bus 004 Device 003: ID 0a5c:2145 Broadcom Corp. Bluetooth with Enhanced Data Rate II
    Bus 004 Device 002: ID 08ff:2810 AuthenTec, Inc.
    Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
    Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
    Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
    Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0bdb:1900 Ericsson Business Mobile Networks BV


    Bus 004 Device 003: ID 0a5c:2145 Broadcom Corp. Bluetooth with Enhanced Data Rate II
    Bluetooth Works



    ASUS EEEPC 1000HE

    root@bt:/# lspci
    00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GME Express Memory Controller Hub (rev 03)
    00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GME Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03)
    00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03)
    00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) High Definition Audio Controller (rev 02)
    00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 02)
    00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) PCI Express Port 2 (rev 02)
    00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) PCI Express Port 4 (rev 02)
    00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 02)
    00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 02)
    00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 02)
    00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 02)
    00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 02)
    00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev e2)
    00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801GBM (ICH7-M) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 02)
    00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801GBM/GHM (ICH7 Family) SATA IDE Controller (rev 02)
    01:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR928X Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01)
    03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Attansic Technology Corp. Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 PCI-E Ethernet Controller (rev b0)


    01:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR928X Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01)
    Monitor Mode Works
    Injection Works

    03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Attansic Technology Corp. Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 PCI-E Ethernet Controller (rev b0)

    Ethernet Works

    root@bt:/# lsusb
    Bus 005 Device 002: ID 0b05:b700 ASUSTek Computer, Inc. Broadcom Bluetooth 2.1
    Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
    Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
    Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
    Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
    Bus 001 Device 008: ID 0bda:8187 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8187 Wireless Adapter
    Bus 001 Device 006: ID 0709:600a Silicon Systems, Ltd (SSL)
    Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0709:009b Silicon Systems, Ltd (SSL)
    Bus 001 Device 007: ID 1020:000a Labtec Wireless Optical Mouse
    Bus 001 Device 004: ID 04f2:b071 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd 2.0M UVC Webcam / CNF7129
    Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
    Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0709:2654 Silicon Systems, Ltd (SSL)
    root@bt:/#

    Bus 005 Device 002: ID 0b05:b700 ASUSTek Computer, Inc. Broadcom Bluetooth 2.1

    Bluetooth Works

    Bus 001 Device 008: ID 0bda:8187 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8187 Wireless Adapter

    Monitor Mode Works
    Injection Works

    Hope this helps
    Last edited by davehardy20; 05-11-2010 at 11:56 AM.
  10. 05-11-2010, 12:05 PM #10
    ignisf
    ignisf is offline
    Just burned his ISO
    Join Date
    May 2010
    Posts
    3

    Post

    Tested on Dell Studio 1555 with Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g [14e4:4315] (rev 01)

    See follow-up for a workaround.

    Results: Works only after soft reboot from Windows (7 x64)

    Here is the debug data: http://route.us.to/storage/dell_stud...rev_01).tar.gz

    My guess is that there is a problem with the firmware which comes with the BT distro (too old version for the card???)...

    After a soft reboot monitor mode and injection work like a charm but throw this error "hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts"

    Code:
    04:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g [14e4:4315] (rev 01)
	Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:000c]
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx-
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 11
	Region 0: Memory at f8000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
	Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3
		Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1+ D2+ AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0+,D1-,D2-,D3hot+,D3cold+)
		Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=2 PME-
	Capabilities: [58] Vendor Specific Information <?>
	Capabilities: [e8] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable-
		Address: 0000000000000000  Data: 0000
	Capabilities: [d0] Express (v1) Endpoint, MSI 00
		DevCap:	MaxPayload 128 bytes, PhantFunc 0, Latency L0s <4us, L1 unlimited
			ExtTag+ AttnBtn- AttnInd- PwrInd- RBE+ FLReset-
		DevCtl:	Report errors: Correctable- Non-Fatal- Fatal- Unsupported-
			RlxdOrd- ExtTag- PhantFunc- AuxPwr- NoSnoop-
			MaxPayload 128 bytes, MaxReadReq 128 bytes
		DevSta:	CorrErr+ UncorrErr- FatalErr- UnsuppReq+ AuxPwr- TransPend-
		LnkCap:	Port #0, Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Latency L0 <4us, L1 <64us
			ClockPM+ Suprise- LLActRep- BwNot-
		LnkCtl:	ASPM L0s L1 Enabled; RCB 64 bytes Disabled- Retrain- CommClk+
			ExtSynch- ClockPM+ AutWidDis- BWInt- AutBWInt-
		LnkSta:	Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
	Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting <?>
	Capabilities: [13c] Virtual Channel <?>
	Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number 22-00-ea-ff-ff-5f-53-fd
	Capabilities: [16c] Power Budgeting <?>
	Kernel driver in use: b43-pci-bridge
    Code:
    b43 ssb0:0: firmware: requesting b43/ucode15.fw
b43 ssb0:0: firmware: requesting b43/lp0initvals15.fw
b43 ssb0:0: firmware: requesting b43/lp0bsinitvals15.fw
b43-phy0: Loading firmware version 410.2160 (2007-05-26 15:32:10)
b43-phy0 ERROR: Fatal DMA error: 0x00000800, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000
b43-phy0 ERROR: This device does not support DMA on your system. Please use PIO instead.
b43-phy0: Controller RESET (DMA error) ...
b43-phy0: Loading firmware version 410.2160 (2007-05-26 15:32:10)
b43-phy0: Controller restarted
device mon0 entered promiscuous mode
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
NOHZ: local_softirq_pending 08
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 4 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
NOHZ: local_softirq_pending 08
hpet1: lost 38 rtc interrupts
NOHZ: local_softirq_pending 08
NOHZ: local_softirq_pending 08
NOHZ: local_softirq_pending 08
NOHZ: local_softirq_pending 08
NOHZ: local_softirq_pending 08
NOHZ: local_softirq_pending 08
NOHZ: local_softirq_pending 08
NOHZ: local_softirq_pending 08
hpet_rtc_timer_reinit: 54 callbacks suppressed
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet_rtc_timer_reinit: 66 callbacks suppressed
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet_rtc_timer_reinit: 49 callbacks suppressed
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
b43-phy0: Broadcom 4312 WLAN found (core revision 15)
cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated:
    (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
    (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
    (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
    (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
    (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
    (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
phy0: Selected rate control algorithm 'minstrel'
Registered led device: b43-phy0::tx
Registered led device: b43-phy0::rx
Registered led device: b43-phy0::radio
Broadcom 43xx driver loaded [ Features: PL, Firmware-ID: FW13 ]
b43 ssb0:0: firmware: requesting b43/ucode15.fw
b43 ssb0:0: firmware: requesting b43/lp0initvals15.fw
b43 ssb0:0: firmware: requesting b43/lp0bsinitvals15.fw
b43-phy0: Loading firmware version 410.2160 (2007-05-26 15:32:10)
device mon0 entered promiscuous mode
hpet1: lost 2 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts
    Last edited by ignisf; 06-05-2010 at 09:13 PM. Reason: refreshed link to follow-up... how about not changing the url format anymore? huh BT Forums?
Page 1 of 3 123 LastLast
« Previous Thread | Next Thread »

Similar Threads

  1. [noticia] - BackTrack 4 Release 1 (R1 Dev)
    By firebits in forum Duvidas Gerais
    Replies: 0
    Last Post: 05-05-2010, 03:57 PM
  2. Can't boot BackTrack 4 Pre Release DVD
    By sippeangelo in forum OLD BackTrack 4 General Support
    Replies: 15
    Last Post: 08-11-2009, 10:14 AM
  3. Backtrack 3 final release
    By Skippy25 in forum OLD Announcements
    Replies: 3
    Last Post: 03-20-2008, 07:48 PM
  4. BackTrack 3 Development officially Begun
    By muts in forum OLD Announcements
    Replies: 77
    Last Post: 11-20-2007, 03:01 PM

Posting Permissions

  • You may not post new threads
  • You may not post replies
  • You may not post attachments
  • You may not edit your posts
  •  

Forum Rules